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Figure 2. Diagrammatic sagittal sections of the oropharyngeal complex. (A) The anatomy of the complex as defined in the Process Model of Feeding. The spaces identified as the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx are shown by graded stippling. ATM = anterior tongue marker; PTM = posterior tongue marker; UCM = upper canine marker; LCM = lower canine marker; and UMM = upper molar marker. The supralaryngeal vocal tract, with its vertical (SVTv) and horizontal (SVTh) components, is also shown (heavy dashed lines). (B) Illustration of the coordinate framework for the data shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The X axis is drawn between UCM and UMM markers and parallels the occlusal plane of the upper post-canine teeth, itself reflective of the plane of the hard palate behind the upper incisor alveolus. Movement in that axis is antero-posterior. The Y axis is perpendicular to the X axis, subtended from the upper canine marker (‘0’ point in the grid). Mandibular (LCM) or tongue marker (ATM, PTM) movement in the Y axis is primarily supero-inferior, as is, to a lesser extent, hyoid movement. [For further explanation, see Hiiemae et al.(2002).] Reproduced from Hiiemae et al.(2002), with permission from Pergamon Press.
