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CELLULAR, MOLECULAR, AND GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF TOOTH ERUPTION

¹ Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; and ² Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dental Branch, 6516 M.D. Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX 77030;

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Paracrine signaling between the SR and DF, as well as within the DF only, ultimately results in the synthesis and secretion of the chemotactic molecules MCP-1 and CSF-1 for the recruitment of mononuclear cells into the DF. Note that a given molecule can often enhance the expression of more than one gene, and that two chemokines (MCP-1 and CSF-1) with redundant functions are produced. "Enhances" refers to up-regulation of a given gene, and "recruitment" is the chemotactic effect of CSF-1 and MCP-1. Modified from Wise (1998a).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Possible signaling cascades that may promote the fusion of the mononuclear cells recruited to the DF. Both CSF-1 and ODF are known to promote osteoclast formation, whereas OPG inhibits this by preventing cell-to-cell signaling. The downstream products of the transcription factors c-fos and NFB that promote osteoclast formation are not yet known. Arrows with crosses ( ) reflect inhibition of gene expression, whereas other arrows reflect enhancement of gene expression or stimulation of cell fusion.

View larger version (121K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sagittal sections through demineralized mouse heads at Day 33 of post-natal life. (A) Fully erupted Cbfa1(+/+) molars in the mandible and (B) Cbfa1(+/-) molars appear fully formed but impacted within the alveolus. (C,D) Higher-magnification views reveal a dense layer of connective tissue and bone overlying the 3 molars (*). Magnifications: A = 4x, B= 2x, C = 20 x, and D = 40x. M1, M2, M3: first, second, and third molars.

View larger version (100K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Dental records of a 15-y/o white female who first presented with missing maxillary and mandibular left third molars, small upper right and left second premolars, partially erupted right maxillary and mandibular second molars, and impacted right maxillary and mandibular first and third molars. The patient was in treatment for approximately 18 mos and has been in retention approximately 24 mos, now at age 18+. Note that the maxillary and mandibular teeth on the right side of the patient were affected from the second premolar distally (A) initial appearance of the teeth in the panoramic film and (B,C) dental models. Full orthodontic appliances were placed, including the impacted teeth, and the third molars were extracted. At the time of surgery, the surgeon noted that the partially erupted and unerupted teeth were not ankylosed. Orthodontic force to "erupt" the teeth failed to move the molar teeth closer toward the occlusal plane, as seen in an intra-oral photograph taken at age 18 (D).