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1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2 Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; 3 Department of Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
*corresponding author, A.Vissink{at}kchir.azg.nl
In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.
Key words. Radiotherapy, mucositis, xerostomia, caries, osteoradionecrosis
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