Figure 1. Possible etiopathogenesis in Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS). The action of or interaction among one or more either unknown (x, y?) or well-identified (local, systemic, and/or maybe psychogenic) precipitation factors (a) might determine an either reversible ( ) or irreversible ( ) neuropathic damage/disorder (b), such as peripheral nerve damage(s), dopaminergic system disorder(s), and/or other neurological alterations. These disorders could result in BMS symptoms (c). The etiologic role of psychological distress is still pending. However, long periods of chronic pain may also result in psychogenic disorder(s) (d) , which can intensify BMS symptoms.